Enter Vietnamese text and get its representation in Han-Nom (Vietnamese-based Chinese characters).
Historically, Vietnamese was written using mostly phono-semantic compounds or phonetic borrowings. A modern method, assigning high-frequency words to the common-use Chinese characters, is modeled after the kun readings of Japanese Kanji and reduces the set of separate Nom characters needed to learn. As "traditional" Han-Nom characters were widely abbreviated, both methods of transcription use the modern simplification standard where possible.
Annotation marks are used to more easily distinguish polyphonic characters and indicate etymology. These include the cá (overline; non-Sino-Vietnamese readings) and nháy (underline; meaning-borrowed characters). Onomatopoeic words are written in Hangŭl, and punctuation marks are not converted, mirroring the Korean practice.
Enter a value above and click the button to convert it