新説解　上卷

一	Ideogram (指事): ONE stroke.
丁	Pictogram (象形): a nail. Phonetically borrowed character (假借): original form of 釘.
七	Pictogram (象形): one stroke cutting through another. Phonetically borrowed character (假借): original form of 切.
万	Pictogram (象形): a person dancing. Ideogrammic compound (会意): 一 (“one”), indicating a number, with pictogram (象形) of a person advancing - a large numeral.
(萬)	Pictogram (象形): a scorpion.
丈	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 十 (“ten”) with 又 (“hand”) - ten chi (尺) is one zhang (丈).
三	Ideogram (指事): THREE strokes.
上	Ideogram (指事): a line ABOVE another.
下	Ideogram (指事): a line BELOW another.
不	Pictogram (象形): the calyx of a flower. Phonetically borrowed character (假借): original form of 柎. Pictogram (象形): a bird flying toward the sky (一) - the sky being the limit for the bird, thus the idea of negation.
与	Specialization (轉注): from 牙, the semantic component of the traditional form.
(與)	Phono-semantic compound (形声).
丏	Pictogram (象形): a parapet for warding off arrows, thus implying concealment.
丐	Pictogram (象形): a person leaning forward to ask for help.
丑	Pictogram (象形): a hand, graphically depicting the final phase of the moon.
且	Pictogram (象形): a stone altar. Phonetically borrowed character (假借): original form of 祖.
世	Pictogram (象形): three leaves on a branch. Phonetically borrowed character (假借): original form of 枼. Ideogrammic compound (会意): triplication of 十 (“ten”) - thirty, such as a variant form 丗. Thirty years make one generation (thirty times twelve months gives 360 months).
丘	Pictogram (象形): a HILL.
丙	Pictogram (象形): unknown meaning.
丛	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 一 (“ground, floor”) with 从 (“two people standing together”) - to make cluster.
(叢)	Phono-semantic compound (形声).
业	Pictogram (象形): a sawtooth-shaped board. Reduced from the traditional form.
(業)
丞	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 卩 (“kneeling person”) with 廾 (“both hands”) and 凵 (“hole”) - to rescue a person from a hole.
丢	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 一 (“one (item)”) with 去 (“to go; to remove”).
(丟)
並	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 立 beside 立 - to put things side by side.

Phono-semantic compounds (形声)

丕
百

个	Pictogram (象形): half of 竹 (“bamboo”) - an item or thing. Bamboo was an important component of construction in ancient times.
(個)	Phono-semantic compound (形声).
(箇)	Phono-semantic compound (形声).
丫	Pictogram (象形): a FORK in a branch or path.
中	Pictogram (象形): a flagpole with a drum, placed in the CENTER of ancient gatherings. Ideogram (指事): a line passing through the CENTER of 口.
丰	Pictogram (象形): a FLOWER or LUXURIANT FOLIAGE.
书	Pictogram (象形): a hand holding a brush.
(書)	Phono-semantic compound (形声): semantic 聿 (“writing brush”) + phonetic 者. Ideogrammic compound (会意): a pen 聿 writing on paper 曰.
串	Pictogram (象形): objects STRUNG TOGETHER, a SKEWER.

丸	Ideogram (指事): a flipped version of 仄 - something that can be turned or flipped, a ROUND OBJECT.
义	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 乂 (“to control; to regulate; to nurture”) with 丶 as a component of emphasis - JUST governance.
(義)	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): phonetic 我 with 羊 (together, “my sheep”), as ancient herders had a sense of duty and obligation toward their livestock.
丹	Pictogram (象形): RED substance found in a well.
为	Pictogram (象形): to hold an elephant. Reduced from the traditional form.
(為)
(爲)	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 又 (“hand”) with 象 (“elephant”) - to hold an elephant.
主	Pictogram (象形): a picture of a lamp or a torch with a flame at the top. Phonetically borrowed character (假借): original form of 炷.
丼	Ideogrammic compound (会意): an object 丶 thrown into a well 井. Donburi is often described as "throwing a large amount of food into the bowl; plopped-down rice".

乂	Pictogram (象形): a tool similar to a knife.
乃	Pictogram (象形): a pregnant woman. Phonetically borrowed character (假借): compare 奶、孕.
久	Pictogram (象形): a man receiving moxibustion. Phonetically borrowed character (假借): original form of 灸.
么	Pictogram (象形): small strands of silk. Reduced from 幺.
(麽)	Phono-semantic compound (形声). Reduced from 麼.
之	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 止 (“foot”) with 一 (“the beginning place”) - compound meaning “to go”.
尹	Ideogrammic compound (会意): a scepter 丿 in hand 彐.
乍	Pictogram (象形): the overlapping portion of traditional Chinese garments. Phonetically borrowed character (假借): original form of 作.
乎	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 丿 (“wind; air”) with phonetic 丂 (“breath”).
乏	Ideogram (指事): a flipped version of 正 (“straight; right”) to signify the opposite - not right, lacking.
乒	Specialization (轉注): from 兵.
乓	Specialization (轉注): from 兵.
乔	Ideogrammic compound (会意): young 夭 and strong.
(喬)	Ideogram (指事) and specialization (轉注): from 高.
乖	Ideogrammic compound (会意): two persons seated facing away 北 from each other.
乘	Pictogram (象形): a person 大 climbing a tree 木, with the feet 北 visible.

乙	Pictogram (象形): a developing plant or part of a fish.
乜	Specialization (轉注): from 也.
九	Pictogram (象形): a hand or bent elbow, implying a "bumping up" of nine against ten.
乞	Specialization (轉注): from 气.
也	Pictogram (象形): an ancient funnel or wash basin. Phonetically borrowed character (假借): original form of 匜. Pictogram (象形): air coming out of mouth, a modal particle.
习	Pictogram (象形): half of 羽 (“wings”) - birds PRACTICE flying.
(習)	Ideogrammic compound (会意): to PRACTICE flying 羽 all day under the hot sun 白.
乩	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 占 (“divination”) with 乚 (“to twist”).
乱	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 舌 (“tongue; bell”) with 乚 (“to twist”). Twisted tongue is indeed CHAOTIC, and a bell can sound the alarm in times of unrest.
(亂)	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): pictogram (象形) of tangled threads with 乚 (“to twist”).
乳	Pictogram (象形): a woman breastfeeding a child.

了	Pictogram (象形): a baby wrapped in a blanket.
予	Pictogram (象形): two hands, each GIVING an object to another.
争	Pictogram (象形): two hands on a plowshare. Reduced from the traditional form.
(爭)
事	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 又 (“hand”) with 中 (“flag or hunting weapon”) - flag or hunting weapon in hand, to PERFORM one's JOB.

二	Ideogram (指事): TWO strokes.
亍	Pictogram (象形): the right side of 行.
于	Pictogram (象形): an ancient wind instrument. Phonetically borrowed character (假借): original form of 竽. Ideogrammic compound (会意): 一 (“flat stream of air”) with 丂 (“to exhale”). Phonetically borrowed character (假借): original form of 吁.
亏	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 一 (“flat stream of air”) with 丂 (“to exhale”) - to LOSE one's breath.
(虧)	Phono-semantic compound (形声).
云	Pictogram (象形): a stylized picture of clouds.
(雲)	Phono-semantic compound (形声).
互	Pictogram (象形): a spool to wind up rope. Phonetically borrowed character (假借): original form of 䇘.
亓	Specialization (轉注): from 笄.
五	Ideogram (指事): FIVE lines, of which two are crossing. When counting on a single hand, one first counts to five and then crosses back the other way to ten.
井	Pictogram (象形): a square well, with supports on four sides.
亘	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 二 with 囘 (“to turn around”).
(亙)	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 二 with 月 (“moon”).
亚	Pictogram (象形): an overhead view of a construction, likely a tomb. Reduced from the traditional form.
(亞)
亟	Ideogrammic compound (会意): a person 人 constrained 二, calling out with mouth 口 and working with hands 又 (simplified from 攴).

Phono-semantic compounds (形声)

些

亡	Ideogram (指事): a line on 刀 - cutting edge of a knife. Phonetically borrowed character (假借): original form of 芒.
亢	Pictogram (象形): a NECK, perhaps from which stems the senses "high; haughty; arrogant".
交	Pictogram (象形): a human with CROSSED legs.
亥	Pictogram (象形): a plant's roots underground. Phonetically borrowed character (假借): original form of 荄. Pictogram (象形): an animal, the zodiac pig.
亦	Pictogram (象形): a human figure (compare 大) with water falling from them (roughly from arm pits). Phonetically borrowed character (假借): original form of 腋.
亨	Pictogram (象形): an ancestral shrine.
享	Pictogram (象形): an ancestral shrine.
京	Specialization (轉注): from 高.
亮	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 (“person”) with phonetic 京 (“building; tower”).
亲	Ideogrammic compound (会意): PARENT keeping watch 立 over child 木. Specialization (轉注): from 辛.
(親)	Phono-semantic compound (形声).

Phono-semantic compounds (形声)

亭	Abbreviated semantic 高 + phonetic 丁.
亳	Abbreviated semantic 高 + phonetic 乇.
亶	Phonetic 旦.
亸
(嚲)
亹	Phonetic 亠 (simplified from 文) + semantic 舋 (simplified from 釁).

人	Pictogram (象形): side view of a standing man, highlighting the arms and legs.
什	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 (“person”) with phonetic 十 (“ten”).
仁	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): phonetic 人 (“person”) with 二 (“two”) - BENEVOLENCE is a quality that arises between two people.
仄	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 厂 (“cliff”) with phonetic 夨 (“man with crooked head”) – "oblique, slanted".
仅	Ideogrammic compound (会意): person 人 with hand 又 reaching or measuring - ALMOST there, a SMALL QUANTITY.
(僅)	Phono-semantic compound (形声).
仉	Specialization (轉注): from an ancient form of 掌.
今	Ideogram (指事): a flipped version of 曰 (“to speak”) to signify the opposite - to not speak. Phonetically borrowed character (假借): original form of 含.
介	Ideogrammic compound (会意): person 人 with two marks IN BETWEEN.
从	Ideogrammic compound (会意): a person (人) walking with another person in the same direction - to follow.
(從)	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 辵 (“walk”) with 从 (“follow”).
仑	Ideogrammic compound (会意): person 人 with another person 匕 (compare 比) - to arrange in order. Phonetically borrowed character (假借): original form of 伦.
(侖)	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 亼 with 冊 (“book”). The component 亼 can be interpreted as either "gather" ("to gather books" therefore "order") or as a downward mouth ("reading words as they're written" therefore "order").
仓	Pictogram (象形): a granary or warehouse. Reduced from the traditional form.
(倉)
仔	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 子 (“child”).
仕	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 士 (“scholar, retainer”).
付	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with 寸 (“hand”) - to deliver, to give to someone.
仙	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): a person 人 moving into a mountain 山 to practice becoming immortal.
仝	Ideogrammic compound (会意): lid 人 TOGETHER with pot 工.
仟	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 (“person”) with phonetic 千 (“thousand”).
令	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 亼 (“to gather”) with 卩 (“kneeling person”).
以	Pictogram (象形): a person carrying something.
仨	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 (from the left side of 個) with phonetic 三 (“three”).
仰	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 卬. Differentiated meaning (分义) from 卬.
仲	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 中 (“middle”).
件	Ideogrammic compound (会意): the man 人 and cow 牛 as a UNIT or COMPONENT of livelihood in ancient societies.
任	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 壬. Differentiated meaning (分义) from 壬.
份	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 分. Differentiated meaning (分义) from 分.
企	Ideogrammic compound (会意): man 人 STANDING, emphasizing the feet 止.
伈	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 心 (“heart”).
伉	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 亢 (“tall; strong; firm”).
伍	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 (“person”) with phonetic 五 (“five”).
伏	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 (“person”) with 犬 (“dog”) – a dog at the side of a person, or a person adopting the position of a dog.
伐	Ideogrammic compound (会意): a man 人 beheaded with spear 戈.
休	Ideogrammic compound (会意): a man 人 RESTING against a tree 木.
伕	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 夫 (“laborer”) - a conscripted laborer, a SERVANT or SLAVE.
(僕)	Phono-semantic compound (形声).
众	Ideogrammic compound (会意): triplication of 人 - a CROWD of people.
(眾)	Pictogram (象形): an eye (目) above three humans (㐺) – a CROWD under someone’s gaze.
(衆)	Erroneous character (訛字): from 眾.
优	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 尤 (“special; outstanding”).
(優)	Phono-semantic compound (形声).
伙	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): person 人 around a campfire 火 - a COMRADE.
会	Ideogrammic compound (会意): people 人 speaking 云 in a GATHERING. Pictogram (象形): a lid on top of a container, with content in. Reduced from the traditional form.
(會)
伞	Pictogram (象形): an UMBRELLA. Reduced from the traditional form.
(傘)
传	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): person 人 with 专 (“spinning wheel”) - the human tradition of TRANSMISSION, PASSING DOWN.
(傳)
伤	Ideogrammic compound (会意): a person 人 WOUNDING another with force 力.
(傷)	Phono-semantic compound (形声).
伦	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 仑. Differentiated meaning (分义) from 仑.
(倫)
伪	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 为 (together, “man-made”) - to be FAKE, to be ARTIFICIAL.
(偽)
(僞)
伺	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 司 (“to manage; to control”) - a person stands beside (attends), looks in.
伾	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 丕 (“large; grand”).
佃	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 田 (“field”) - man CULTIVATING a field.
位	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 立 (“to stand”) - a person's STANDING, RANK or STATUS.
低	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 氐. Differentiated meaning (分义) from 氐.
住	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 主 (“lord”) - a person is master or lord of where he RESIDES.
佐	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 左 (“left”) - a LEFT HAND MAN.
佑	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 右 (“right”) - a RIGHT HAND MAN.
体	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 (“person”) with 本 (“basis”).
(體)	Phono-semantic compound (形声).
佘	Specialization (轉注): from 余. Phono-semantic compound (形声).
余	Pictogram (象形): thatched cottage; house. Phonetically borrowed character (假借): original form of 舍.
佚	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 失 (“to lose”).
你	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 尔 (“you”).
佣	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 用 (“to use”) - a person in use; a person EMPLOYED. Also refers to using money as COMMISSION for such a person.
(傭)	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 庸 (“to use”).
佥	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 亼 (“to gather”) with light 𭕄 coming from the masses 一 - UNANIMOUS consent.
(僉)	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 亼 (“to gather”) with 吅 (“many mouths”) and 从 (“many people”).
佩	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 (“person”) with 凡 (“sail”) and 巾 (“piece of cloth”).
佬	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 老 (“old”) - derogatory name for a person, folk.
佰	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 (“person”) with phonetic 百 (“hundred”).
佳	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 圭 (“jade scepter”).
佺	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 全 (“whole piece of jade”).
佾	Ideogrammic compound (会意): people 人 moving back and forth 䏌.
使	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 吏 (“messenger; official”).
侃	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 (“person”) with mouths 口 flowing 𫶧.
侈	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 多 (“many”) - man's EXCESSIVE or WASTEFUL disposition.
例	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 列 (“to line up”) - a PRECEDENT or RULE.
供	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 共 (“to share”).
侩	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 会 (“to associate”) - to associate with multiple parties.
(儈)
侪	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 齐 (“together”).
(儕)
侬	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 农 (“farmer”) - pronoun used by a farmer or peasant.
(儂)
侭	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 尽 (“to finish”).
(儘)
侯	Pictogram (象形): a target for arrows.
侴	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 亼 (“to gather”) with 刀 (“knife”) and phonetic 丑.
侵	Ideogrammic compound (会意): a person 人 with broom 帚 in hand 又.
便	Ideogrammic compound (会意): to change 更 one's posture to make oneself comfortable.
俎	Pictogram (象形): sacrificial altar for meat.
俘	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 with phonetic 孚. Differentiated meaning (分义) from 孚.
保	Ideogrammic compound (会意): person 人 carrying a child in hands 呆.
信	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): phonetic 人 (“person”) with 言 (“word”).
俩	Phono-semantic compound (形声) and ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 (from the left side of 個) with phonetic 两 (“two”).
(倆)
做	Specialization (轉注): from 作.
傻	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 人 (“person”) with 囟 (“fontanelle”) and 儿 (“child”) and 夊 (“foot; indicator of human quality”) - a childlike brain.

Phono-semantic compounds (形声)

亿
(億)
仂
仃
仆
仇
仍
他
仗
仞
仡
代
仪
(儀)
仫
仳
仵
价
(價)
仿
伊
伋
伎
伛
(傴)
伟
(偉)
伢
伥
(倀)
伧
(傖)
伫
(佇)
佤
伭
伯
估
伲
伴
伶
伸
似
伽
佁
但
佔
何
佖
佗
佛
作
佝
佞
佟
㑇
(㑳)
佯
佴
併
(倂)
佶
佸
佻
佼
佽
侁
侂
侄
侉
侍
侏
侑
侔
侗
侘
依
侠
(俠)
侣
(侶)
侥
(僥)
侨
(僑)
㑊
侮
侹
係
促
俄
俅
俊
俍
俏
俐
俑
俔
俗
俙
俚
俜
俞	Semantic 月 (from 凡) + phonetic 亼 and 刂 (from 由).
俟
俣
(俁)
俦
(儔)
俨
(儼)
俪
(儷)
俫
(倈)
俭
(儉)
修
俯
俱
俳
俵
俶
俸
俺
俻
(備)
俾
倌
倍
倏
們
倒
倓
倔
倘
候
倚
倜
倞
借
倡
値
(值)
倥
倦
倧
倨
倩
倪
倬
倭
倮
倴
倻
〓
(僤)
偃
假
偈
偌
偏
偓
偕
停
偡
健
偬
(傯)
偭
偰
偲
側
偵
偶
偷
偻
(僂)
偿
(償)
傀
傃
傅
傈
傉
傍
傒
傕
傣
傥
(儻)
傧
(儐)
傩
(儺)
催
傲
債
傺
傾
僇
僎
像
僔
僖
僚
僦
僧
僨
僬
僭
僮
僰
僱
僳
僵
僻
儆
儇
儋
儒
儡
儦
儲
儴

儿	Pictogram (象形): a standing person, arms wrapped with just the legs showing - a CHILD.
(兒)	Pictogram (象形): an infant with an imperfect cranium (i.e. fontanelle).
兀	Ideogrammic compound (会意): to CUT 一 THE FEET 儿.
允	Pictogram (象形): a person with the head emphasized, indicating a nod.
元	Pictogram (象形): a figure with two lines 二 for a head (one connected to body, one above it), emphasizing the head.
兄	Ideogrammic compound (会意): a person 儿 ordering 口 the younger ones about.
充	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 𠫓 (“a newborn”) with 儿 (“standing person”) – a newborn grows to stand and become mature.
兆	Pictogram (象形): the cracks in a shell during fortune-telling, an OMEN.
先	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 之 (“foot”) with 儿 (“person”) – to go forward.
光	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 火 (“fire”) with 卩 (“kneeling person”) – fire over a person's head, emphasizing the shining of LIGHT.
克	Pictogram (象形): a person 卩 carrying something 由 over their shoulders – "to shoulder; to be competent". Ideogrammic compound (会意): a battle helmet 由 and a pelt 皮 – "to defeat; to vanquish".
免	Pictogram (象形): a man in a hat. Phonetically borrowed character (假借): original form of 冕.
兑	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 八 (“speech; breath”) with 口 (“mouth”) and 人 (“person”). Reduced from the traditional form. Phonetically borrowed character (假借): original form of 説.
(兌)
兔	Pictogram (象形): a RABBIT.
兕	Pictogram (象形): a RHINOCEROS.
〓	Ideogrammic compound (会意): two brothers 兄 COMPETING.
(競)	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 誩 (“argument”) with two 儿 (“man”) – two individuals COMPETING.
兜	Ideogrammic compound (会意): 𠑹 (“cover”) with 皃 (“head”) - a HELMET.
兢	Ideogrammic compound (会意): duplication of 克 (“to subdue, to restrain”) - to overly restrain oneself, to be CAUTIOUS.

Phono-semantic compounds (形声)

兖
(兗)
党
(黨)